Disease prevention can be accomplished by blocking any single component of a sufficient cause, at least through that pathway. For example, elimination of smoking component B would prevent lung cancer from sufficient causes I and II, although some lung cancer would still occur through sufficient cause III.
Check your answer. Anthrax is an acute infectious disease that usually occurs in animals such as livestock, but can also affect humans. Human anthrax comes in three forms, depending on the route of infection: cutaneous skin anthrax, inhalation anthrax, and intestinal anthrax.
Symptoms usually occur within 7 days after exposure. Skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump that resembles an insect bite but within 1—2 days develops into a vesicle and then a painless ulcer, usually 1—3 cm in diameter, with a characteristic black necrotic dying area in the center.
Lymph glands in the adjacent area may swell. Deaths are rare with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Inhalation: Initial symptoms are like cold or flu symptoms and can include a sore throat, mild fever, and muscle aches.
After several days, the symptoms may progress to cough, chest discomfort, severe breathing problems and shock. Inhalation anthrax is often fatal. Intestinal: Initial signs of nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, and fever are followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea. While most human cases of anthrax result from contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products, anthrax also can be used as a biologic weapon.
In , dozens of residents of Sverdlovsk in the former Soviet Union are thought to have died of inhalation anthrax after an unintentional release of an aerosol from a biologic weapons facility. In , 22 cases of anthrax occurred in the United States from letters containing anthrax spores that were mailed to members of Congress, television networks, and newspaper companies. Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The anthrax bacterium forms a protective shell called a spore.
Anthrax is diagnosed by isolating B. Antibiotics are used to treat all three types of anthrax. Treatment should be initiated early because the disease is more likely to be fatal if treatment is delayed or not given at all.
When anthrax affects humans, it is usually the result of an occupational exposure to infected animals or their products. Naturally occurring anthrax is rare in the United States 28 reported cases between and , but 22 mail-related cases were identified in Infections occur most commonly in wild and domestic lower vertebrates cattle, sheep, goats, camels, antelopes, and other herbivores , but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or tissue from infected animals.
Anthrax can infect a person in three ways: by anthrax spores entering through a break in the skin, by inhaling anthrax spores, or by eating contaminate, undercooked meat. Anthrax is not spread from person to person. The inhalation form is from breathing in spores from the same sources. Anthrax can also be spread as a bioterrorist agent. Susceptibility to anthrax is universal.
Most naturally occurring anthrax affects people whose work brings them into contact with livestock or products from livestock. Such occupations include veterinarians, animal handlers, abattoir workers, and laboratorians. Soldiers and other potential targets of bioterrorist anthrax attacks might also be considered at increased risk.
In countries where anthrax is common and vaccination levels of animal herds are low, humans should avoid contact with livestock and animal products and avoid eating meat that has not been properly slaughtered and cooked. Also, an anthrax vaccine has been licensed for use in humans. It is used by veterinarians, laboratorians, soldiers, and others who may be at increased risk of exposure, but is not available to the general public at this time. For a person who has been exposed to anthrax but is not yet sick, antibiotics combined with anthrax vaccine are used to prevent illness.
Atlanta: Anthrax. Description: One model shows agent, host, and environment as having equal influence. The other model shows agent and host as variables that are dependent on each other and on the environment. Question about English US. What is the difference between factor and cause? Feel free to just provide example sentences. Report copyright infringement. The owner of it will not be notified.
Only the user who asked this question will see who disagreed with this answer. Featured answer. Many factors can make up a cause. In your textbook, it is very unlikely that only one thing caused the accident.
For example, the table broke because Susan sat on it, but the table was weak because Jerry didn't build it properly. So the investigation to the cause of the accident is underway. History and Etymology for factor Medieval Latin, doer, maker, agent, from Latin, maker, from facere to do, make. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way.
Love words? Need even more definitions? Just between us: it's complicated. Ask the Editors 'Everyday' vs. What Is 'Semantic Bleaching'? How 'literally' can mean "figuratively". Literally How to use a word that literally drives some pe Is Singular 'They' a Better Choice? The awkward case of 'his or her'. Take the quiz. Our Favorite New Words How many do you know?
True or False?
0コメント