Before transplant, you get chemotherapy chemo and sometimes radiation to destroy the diseased cells and marrow. Then, the healthy cells are given to you. BMT is not surgery. The new cells go into your bloodstream through an intravenous IV catheter or tube. From there, the cells find their way into your marrow.. It can take months or years to recover from BMT. Learn more about what to expect before, during and after BMT.
Your transplant doctor will tell you which type of transplant—autologous or allogeneic—and which source of cells is best for you. This decision is based on many factors including:. It takes time to plan for a transplant , so your doctor may start the process early—even if you are still considering other treatments.
A BMT can treat more than 70 diseases including:. Stem cells for an allogenic transplant come from another person, called a donor. This is also called an ALLO transplant. This is when the new stem cells recognize and destroy cancer cells that are still in the body. This is the main way ALLO transplants work to treat the cancer. A match is a healthy donor whose blood proteins, called human leukocyte antigens HLA , closely match yours. This process is called HLA typing.
Siblings from the same parents are often the best match, but another family member or an unrelated volunteer can be a match too.
In this condition, the healthy transplant cells attack your cells. Umbilical cord blood transplant. In this type of transplant, stem cells from umbilical cord blood are used. The umbilical cord connects a fetus to its mother before birth. After birth, the baby does not need it. Cancer centers around the world use cord blood. Learn more about cord blood transplants.
Parent-child transplant and haplotype mismatched transplant. Doctors are using these types of transplants more often, to expand the use of transplantation as an effective cancer treatment.
In general, each process includes collecting the replacement stem cells, the patient receiving treatments to prepare their body for the transplant, the actual transplant day, and then the recovery period. Often, a small tube may be placed in the patient's chest that remains through the transplant process. It is called a catheter. Your health care team can give you chemotherapy, other medications, and blood transfusions through a catheter.
A catheter greatly reduces the amount of needles used in the skin, since patients will need regular blood tests and other treatments during a transplant. Please note that transplants are complex medical procedures and sometimes certain steps may happen in a different order or on a different timetable, to personalize your specific care.
Ask your health care whether you will need to be in the hospital for different steps, and if so, how long. Always talk with your health care team about what to expect before, during, and after your transplant. Step 1: Collecting your stem cells. This step takes several days. First, you will get injections shots of a medication to increase your stem cells. Then your health care team collects the stem cells through a vein in your arm or your chest.
The cells will be stored until they are needed. Step 2: Pre-transplant treatment. This step takes 5 to 10 days. You will get a high dose of chemotherapy. Occasionally, patients also have radiation therapy. Step 3: Getting your stem cells back.
This step is your transplant day. It takes about 30 minutes for each dose of stem cells. This is called an infusion. Your health care team puts the stem cells back into your bloodstream through the catheter. You might have more than one infusion. Step 4: Recovery. Your doctor will closely monitor your cells' recovery and growth and you will take antibiotics to reduce infection. Your health care team will also treat any side effects.
Read more details below about recovering from a bone marrow transplant. Step 1: Donor identification. A matched donor must be found before the ALLO transplant process can begin. Your HLA type will be found through blood testing. Then, your health care team will work with you to do HLA testing on potential donors in your family, and if needed, to search a volunteer registry of unrelated donors.
Step 2: Collecting stem cells from your donor. If the cells are coming from the bloodstream, your donor will get daily injections shots of a medication to increase white cells in their blood for a few days before the collection. Then, the stem cells are collected from their bloodstream. If the cells are coming from bone marrow, your donor has a procedure called a bone marrow harvest in a hospital's operating room.
Step 3: Pre-transplant treatment. This step takes 5 to 7 days. You will get chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, to prepare your body to receive the donor's cells. Step 4: Getting the donor cells. Getting the donor cells usually takes less than an hour. Step 5: Recovery.
Your health care team will also treat any side effects from the transplant. In some people, it may take longer. In the days and weeks after your bone marrow transplant, you'll have blood tests and other tests to monitor your condition.
You may need medicine to manage complications, such as nausea and diarrhea. After your bone marrow transplant, you'll remain under close medical care. If you're experiencing infections or other complications, you may need to stay in the hospital for several days or sometimes longer. Depending on the type of transplant and the risk of complications, you'll need to remain near the hospital for several weeks to months to allow close monitoring. You may also need periodic transfusions of red blood cells and platelets until your bone marrow begins producing enough of those cells on its own.
You may be at greater risk of infections or other complications for months to years after your transplant. You'll have periodic lifelong follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor for late complications.
If your bone marrow transplant is using stem cells from a donor allogeneic transplant , your doctors may prescribe medications to help prevent graft-versus-host disease and reduce your immune system's reaction immunosuppressive medications. After your transplant, it takes time for your immune system to recover. During this time, you may be given medications to prevent infections.
After your bone marrow transplant, you may need to adjust your diet to stay healthy and to prevent excessive weight gain. Your nutrition specialist dietitian and other members of your transplant team will work with you to create a healthy-eating plan that meets your needs and complements your lifestyle.
Your dietitian can also give you food suggestions to control side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, such as nausea. After your bone marrow transplant, regular physical activity helps you control your weight, strengthen your bones, increase your endurance, strengthen your muscles and keep your heart healthy.
As you recover, you can slowly increase your physical activity. Taking steps to prevent cancer is even more important after your transplant. Don't smoke. Wear sunscreen when you're outside, and be sure to get the cancer screenings your doctor recommends. A bone marrow transplant can cure some diseases and put others into remission.
Goals of a bone marrow transplant depend on your individual situation, but usually include controlling or curing your disease, extending your life, and improving your quality of life. Some people complete bone marrow transplantation with few side effects and complications. Others experience numerous challenging problems, both short and long term. The severity of side effects and the success of the transplant vary from person to person and sometimes can be difficult to predict before the transplant.
It can be discouraging if significant challenges arise during the transplant process. However, it is sometimes helpful to remember that there are many survivors who also experienced some very difficult days during the transplant process but ultimately had successful transplants and have returned to normal activities with a good quality of life.
Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions. Living with a bone marrow transplant or waiting for a bone marrow transplant can be difficult, and it's normal to have fears and concerns.
Having support from your friends and family can be helpful. Also, you and your family may benefit from joining a support group of people who understand what you're going through and who can provide support. Support groups offer a place for you and your family to share fears, concerns, difficulties and successes with people who have had similar experiences.
You may meet people who have already had a transplant or who are waiting for a transplant. Bone marrow transplant care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells into your body to replace your damaged or diseased bone marrow. Allogeneic stem cell transplant Autologous stem cell transplant. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Mayo Clinic; Hoffman R, et al. Overview of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed July 8, Blood-forming stem cell transplants.
National Cancer Institute. Majhail NS, et al. Recommended screening and preventive practices for long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Diseases treatable by transplants. National Marrow Donor Program.
0コメント