Lead Metal. Lead Bars. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Trending Topics Hydrohalogenation. Excess Reagent. Catalytic Reaction Catalysis. Aufbau Principle. Lewis Structure. From the Middle Ages on, people put lead acetate or " sugar of lead " into wine and other foods to make them sweeter. Lead touched many areas of Roman life.
It made up pipes and dishes, cosmetics and coins, and paints. Eventually, as a host of mysterious maladies became more common, some Romans began to suspect a connection between the metal and these illnesses. Julius Caesar , for example, managed to father only one child, even though he enjoyed women as much as he enjoyed wine.
His successor, Caesar Augustus , was reported to be completely sterile. Some scholars suggest that lead could have been the culprit for the condition of both men and a contributing factor to the fall of the Roman Empire. A form of lead intoxication known as saturnine gout takes its name from ancient Rome. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply.
The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country.
The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain.
A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site.
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Jump to main content. Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Group 14 Melting point Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements.
Appearance The description of the element in its natural form. Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Uses and properties. Image explanation. Lead has been known to, and used by, humans for many centuries. This long history is reflected in the image by the use of an early alchemical symbol for lead and carved Ancient Roman characters.
A dull, silvery-grey metal. It is soft and easily worked into sheets. This easily worked and corrosion-resistant metal has been used for pipes, pewter and paint since Roman times. It has also been used in lead glazes for pottery and, in this century, insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. All these uses have now been banned, replaced or discouraged as lead is known to be detrimental to health, particularly that of children.
Lead is still widely used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders. It is often used to store corrosive liquids. It is also sometimes used in architecture, for roofing and in stained glass windows. Biological role. Lead has no known biological role. It can accumulate in the body and cause serious health problems. It is toxic, teratogenic disturbs the development of an embryo or foetus and carcinogenic.
Daily intake of lead from all sources is about 0. It is not considered rare, however, since it is fairly widespread and easy to extract. Lead typically occurs in very small amounts in ores such as galena, anglesite and cerussite. About one-third of the lead in the United States is recycled.
The chemical symbol for lead is Pb, which comes from the Latin word plumbum , meaning "waterworks," referring back to ancient times when the metal was widely used in the construction of water pipes. Although there are 27 lead isotopes, only four are considered stable. Although lead has been phased out of many of its previous uses, this non-corrosive metal is actually quite useful in products that hold or touch highly acidic substances. For example, lead is used to line tanks that hold corrosive liquids, such as sulfuric acid.
It is also used in lead-acid storage batteries, such as those found in automobiles. Because of its density and ability to absorb vibration, lead also makes an excellent shield against different types of harmful radiation, such as those found in X-ray machines and nuclear reactors, according to Jefferson Lab.
Lead is also still used in some bullets and ammunition. Tetraethyl lead was added to gasoline in the s to help reduce engine knocking, wear and tear and pre-ignition. Almost immediately, industry workers started to become extremely ill and some even died.
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